Chains

Arbitrum One is an EVM-compatible optimistic rollup settling on Ethereum, using fraud proofs and Nitro execution to offer lower fees while inheriting Ethereum security.

Ethereum is the EVM-native L1 that anchors the broader smart contract ecosystem, serving as the primary settlement layer for dozens of L2 rollups and sidechains, with ETH as its native asset.

Polygon is an EVM-compatible sidechain anchored to Ethereum with its own validator set, using POL (formerly MATIC) for staking and gas across its PoS network.

Avalanche C-Chain is an EVM-compatible chain within the Avalanche multi-chain network, using Snowman consensus and AVAX for gas fees with sub-second finality.

BNB Smart Chain is an EVM-compatible L1 running on proof-of-staked-authority consensus, using BNB as its native gas token with high throughput and low fees.

Fantom is an EVM-compatible L1 running its own DAG-based Lachesis aBFT consensus, offering fast transaction finality with FTM as the native token.

Optimism is an EVM-equivalent optimistic rollup settling on Ethereum, using ETH for gas and underpinning the OP Stack framework adopted by many other rollups.

Aptos is a non-EVM L1 using the Move language and Block-STM parallel execution engine, built by former Diem contributors with APT as its native token.

Solana is a non-EVM L1 combining Proof of History with Proof of Stake to achieve sub-second finality and high throughput, using SOL for transaction fees and staking.

Base is an EVM-compatible optimistic rollup built by Coinbase on the OP Stack, settling on Ethereum and using ETH for gas without a separate network token.

Gnosis Chain is an EVM-compatible sidechain using xDAI (bridged USDC/DAI) as its native gas token, making transaction costs predictable and stable for everyday payments.

Terra Luna Classic is the original pre-collapse Terra chain, preserved by its community and trading under LUNC, retaining the legacy algorithmic stablecoin architecture.

Boba is an EVM-compatible optimistic rollup on Ethereum that offers hybrid compute, letting smart contracts trigger off-chain code for complex computations.

Linea is a zkEVM L2 built by Consensys that settles on Ethereum, offering full EVM equivalence with zk-proof verification and ETH as the native gas token.

Moonbeam is an EVM-compatible Polkadot parachain that exposes Ethereum-style RPC endpoints and cross-chain messaging, letting Solidity developers deploy to the Polkadot ecosystem using GLMR for gas.

Celo migrated from an L1 to an EVM-compatible optimistic rollup settling on Ethereum, retaining its CELO token and focus on mobile-accessible payments.

Metis is an EVM-compatible optimistic rollup on Ethereum that uses METIS as its native gas token and incorporates a decentralized sequencer pool to reduce single-sequencer risk.

ZKsync is an EVM-compatible ZK rollup that settles on Ethereum, using validity proofs to batch transactions and reduce fees while keeping ETH as the native gas token.

Aurora is an EVM sidechain running inside a NEAR smart contract, letting Solidity developers deploy on NEAR's infrastructure while settling to NEAR Protocol.

Blast is an EVM-compatible optimistic rollup settling on Ethereum that natively yields interest on bridged ETH and stablecoins for users and developers.

Kava is an EVM-compatible L1 that combines an Ethereum execution layer with a Cosmos SDK co-chain, letting EVM and Cosmos applications share liquidity through the KAVA token.

Moonriver is Moonbeam's EVM-compatible Kusama parachain, using Kusama for data availability and MOVR as its gas token—serving as a live staging environment before changes reach Moonbeam.

Cronos is an EVM-compatible L1 built on Cosmos SDK and backed by Crypto.com, using CRO as gas and supporting IBC connections alongside Ethereum tooling.

Sei Network is an EVM-compatible Cosmos-SDK L1 built for high-throughput trading, combining a parallelized execution engine with native order-matching and SEI as the gas token.

Sui is a non-EVM L1 blockchain using the Move language and an object-centric data model, enabling parallel transaction execution with SUI as the native token.

Terra Luna is a non-EVM Cosmos SDK L1 rebuilt after the 2022 collapse, focusing on programmable payments and DeFi with LUNA as its native staking and gas token.

The Open Network (TON) is a non-EVM L1 originally developed by Telegram, featuring a multi-chain sharding architecture and tight integration with the Telegram messenger ecosystem via TON tokens.

Harmony is an EVM-compatible L1 that uses sharding to split both state and transaction processing across multiple shards, with ONE as the native token for staking and fees.

Near is a non-EVM Layer 1 using sharded Proof-of-Stake and a account-based model with human-readable addresses, with NEAR as its native token.

Bitgert (Brise Chain) is an EVM-compatible L1 using a Proof-of-Authority consensus with near-zero gas fees denominated in BRISE, targeting high-throughput retail transactions.

Canto is an EVM-compatible L1 built on Cosmos SDK that provides free on-chain DeFi primitives—a DEX, lending market, and stablecoin—as public infrastructure.

Evmos bridges Cosmos and Ethereum as an EVM-compatible L1 built on the Cosmos SDK, letting Solidity contracts interact natively with IBC-connected chains using EVMOS tokens.

OKX Chain (OKTC) is an EVM-compatible Layer 1 built by OKX on Cosmos SDK, using OKT as its native token and targeting trading-focused applications.

Polygon zkEVM is an EVM-compatible ZK rollup that settles on Ethereum, using zero-knowledge proofs to inherit Ethereum security while keeping gas fees low with ETH as the native token.

Scroll is an EVM-equivalent ZK rollup settling on Ethereum, offering native bytecode compatibility for Solidity contracts with low-cost transactions paid in ETH.

Shiden is an EVM-compatible L1 parachain on Kusama, serving as a canary network for Astar with data availability backed by Kusama and SDN as its native token.

Starknet is a non-EVM ZK-rollup L2 settling on Ethereum, using Cairo-native smart contracts and STARK proofs with STRK as its native gas token.

Astar is an EVM-compatible L1 Polkadot parachain that also supports WebAssembly contracts, with a dApp staking mechanism rewarding developers directly in ASTR.

HyperEVM is an EVM-compatible L1 from Hyperliquid, tightly integrated with the Hyperliquid perpetuals exchange and powered by the HYPE token.

Mantle Network is an EVM-compatible optimistic rollup settling on Ethereum, using MNT as its native gas token and governed by the BitDAO-originated Mantle DAO.

Polkadot is a non-EVM Layer 1 relay chain that provides shared security and cross-chain messaging to connected parachains, with DOT used for staking and governance.

Dogechain is an EVM-compatible ZK rollup that settles on Dogecoin, bringing smart contract capability to DOGE holders without changing the base layer.

Injective is an EVM-compatible Cosmos-based L1 purpose-built for DeFi, offering native order-book infrastructure and cross-chain interoperability with INJ as the gas token.

Klaytn is an EVM-compatible L1 originally developed by Kakao, targeting enterprise and gaming use cases in the Asia-Pacific region with KLAY as the native gas token.

Smart Bitcoin Cash (smartBCH) is an EVM-compatible sidechain settling to Bitcoin Cash, bringing Solidity smart contract support to BCH holders using BCH as the native token.

Tron is an EVM-compatible L1 using TRX as its native token, known for high-throughput USDT transfers and a large stablecoin payment ecosystem.

Cosmos is a non-EVM L1 hub built on Tendermint BFT consensus that anchors the Inter-Blockchain Communication protocol, enabling sovereign chains to exchange assets and data.

Ethereum Classic is the original, unaltered EVM-compatible L1 that continued the pre-DAO-fork Ethereum chain, maintaining proof-of-work consensus with ETC as its native token.

Everscale is a non-EVM L1 evolved from the TON codebase, featuring dynamic sharding and an actor-model architecture with EVER as its native currency.

Manta Network is an EVM-compatible validium that settles on Ethereum, combining off-chain data availability with on-chain validity proofs to reduce costs for privacy-oriented applications.

Arweave is a non-EVM L1 storage-focused blockchain using a blockweave structure and the AR token to fund permanent, one-time-fee data storage.

Cardano is a non-EVM L1 using the Ouroboros proof-of-stake protocol and the UTXO-based Plutus smart contract model, with ADA as its native asset.

Conflux is an EVM-compatible L1 using a Tree-Graph consensus structure that processes blocks in parallel, with CFX as its native token.

Fuse is an EVM-compatible L1 oriented toward payment and mobile-first use cases, running a delegated proof-of-stake consensus with FUSE as its native staking and fee token.

KuCoin Community Chain (KCC) is an EVM-compatible L1 built by KuCoin's community using KCS as the native gas token, offering low fees for users of the KuCoin ecosystem.

Kusama is Polkadot's canary network—a live, non-EVM L1 where parachain teams test governance, staking, and runtime upgrades with real KSM at stake before deploying to Polkadot.

Milkomeda is an EVM-compatible sidechain that bridges Cardano, letting ADA holders interact with Ethereum-style smart contracts using mADA as the native gas token.

Secret Network is a non-EVM Cosmos-SDK L1 that runs encrypted smart contracts via trusted execution environments, enabling on-chain privacy without zero-knowledge proofs, using SCRT as its native token.

Telos is an EVM-compatible L1 built on an EOSIO foundation, offering a fixed-rate fee model and high throughput with TLOS as the native token.

Algorand is a non-EVM L1 using Pure Proof-of-Stake consensus with immediate finality, settling transactions in ALGO without forking risk.

Elastos is an EVM-compatible L1 secured via Bitcoin merge-mining alongside its own DPoS validators, using ELA as its native token within a broader decentralized internet stack.

IoTeX is an EVM-compatible L1 focused on DePIN (Decentralized Physical Infrastructure Networks), connecting real-world devices and data on-chain using IOTX as gas.

Kujira is a non-EVM Cosmos-SDK L1 focused on sustainable DeFi primitives—including liquidation tooling and revenue-sharing protocols—using KUJI for gas and governance.

Theta is an EVM-compatible L1 purpose-built for video streaming and media delivery, using a dual-token model where TFUEL covers gas and THETA governs validator staking.

Velas is an EVM-compatible L1 powered by VLX that combines a Solana-derived runtime with Ethereum tooling compatibility for high-speed transaction processing.

BitTorrent Chain (BTTC) is an EVM-compatible sidechain settling to TRON that uses BTT for gas and bridges assets across TRON, Ethereum, and BNB Chain.

Elrond (now MultiversX) is a non-EVM L1 using adaptive state sharding and a Secure Proof of Stake consensus, with EGLD as its native token for fees and staking.

KardiaChain is an EVM-compatible L1 from Vietnam focused on enterprise adoption and cross-chain interoperability, using KAI as its native gas and governance token.

Loopring is a non-EVM ZK-rollup on Ethereum focused on order-book trading and payments, using zkSNARKs to batch transactions and settle on-chain with LRC as its native token.

Meter is an EVM-compatible L1 sidechain that separates its currency token MTR—mined via proof-of-work—from its governance token MTRG, aiming for stable on-chain gas costs.

MultiVAC is an EVM-compatible L1 that employs all-dimensional sharding across computation, storage, and networking, using MTV as its native token to enable throughput that scales with shard count.

Shibarium is an EVM-compatible L2 built on the Shib ecosystem that settles to Ethereum, using BONE as its native gas token to serve SHIB community applications.

Tezos is a non-EVM L1 with an on-chain governance mechanism that allows the protocol to self-amend without hard forks, using liquid proof-of-stake and XTZ as its native token.

THORChain is a non-EVM L1 cross-chain liquidity protocol that enables native asset swaps across multiple blockchains without wrapped tokens, settling trades through RUNE-paired liquidity pools.

Cube Network is an EVM-compatible L1 using a proof-of-staked-authority model with CUBE as its native gas token, positioned as a gaming-focused chain.

Filecoin VM (FVM) adds EVM-compatible smart contract execution directly to the Filecoin L1 storage network, enabling programmable storage deals and DeFi with FIL as the native token.

Flare is an EVM-compatible L1 that natively integrates decentralized price and data oracles (FTSO and LayerCake) into the protocol itself, using FLR as its native token.

Flow is an EVM-compatible L1 originally built for NFT-heavy applications, using a multi-role node architecture that separates consensus, execution, and verification duties, with FLOW as its native token.

Mode is an EVM-compatible optimistic rollup on Ethereum built on the OP Stack, designed around on-chain sequencer fee-sharing mechanisms that reward developers and users.

Monad is an EVM-compatible L1 that introduces parallel transaction execution and a custom consensus protocol, aiming to increase throughput while maintaining Ethereum bytecode compatibility.

Monero is a non-EVM privacy-first L1 that uses RingCT, stealth addresses, and Bulletproofs to make transaction amounts, senders, and recipients confidential by default, with XMR as its currency.

Neon EVM is an EVM-compatible Layer 2 that settles on Solana, letting Ethereum tooling and contracts run atop Solana's throughput and fee model using NEON.

Oasis Emerald is an EVM-compatible sidechain paratime settling on the Oasis network, extending it with Ethereum tooling while using ROSE for gas fees.

Oraichain is an EVM-compatible Layer 1 that integrates AI oracles natively into its Cosmos SDK chain, using ORAI to pay for both computation and transactions.

Shardeum is an EVM-compatible L1 that uses dynamic state sharding to grow transaction capacity linearly with each new validator, using SHM as its native token.

Tenet is an EVM-compatible L1 that uses a diversified proof-of-stake consensus accepting liquid staking tokens as validator collateral, with TENET as its native currency.

Findora is an EVM-compatible L1 with built-in ZK-proof-based privacy primitives, allowing selective disclosure of transaction data on a public blockchain using FRA as its native token.

Ronin is an EVM sidechain built by Sky Mavis for gaming, optimized for fast NFT and in-game transactions with independent validators bridging to Ethereum, using RON as its native token.

Syscoin is an EVM-compatible L1 that merges Bitcoin's proof-of-work security via merge-mining with an EVM execution layer and modular data availability, using SYS as its native token.

ThunderCore is an EVM-compatible L1 using its own PaLa consensus protocol to deliver sub-second finality, with TT as the native token powering gas fees.

Wanchain is an EVM-compatible L1 focused on cross-chain interoperability, using WAN to power a network of decentralized bridges connecting heterogeneous blockchains.

Waves is a non-EVM L1 with its own smart contract language (Ride) and native token WAVES, supporting custom token issuance and a built-in decentralized exchange.

Zcash is a non-EVM L1 (ZEC) that pioneered shielded transactions using zk-SNARKs, offering users a choice between transparent and privacy-preserving transfers.

Juno is a Cosmos-SDK L1 and permissionless smart contract hub within the Cosmos ecosystem, running CosmWasm contracts with JUNO as the native staking and gas token.

Kaspa is a non-EVM L1 using the GHOSTDAG blockDAG protocol, allowing parallel blocks to coexist and achieving high block rates without sacrificing security, with KAS as the native token.

opBNB is an EVM-compatible optimistic rollup that settles on BNB Smart Chain, extending BSC's ecosystem with lower fees while retaining BNB as the gas token.

Starcoin is a non-EVM L1 using a Move-based smart contract runtime and an enhanced Nakamoto proof-of-work consensus, with STC as its native token.

StarkEx is a non-EVM ZK-rollup framework by StarkWare that settles on Ethereum, powering application-specific scaling for exchanges and NFT platforms using STARK proofs.

Chromia is a non-EVM L1 that uses a relational blockchain model with its own Rell language, treating data tables as first-class on-chain structures.

Echelon is an EVM-compatible L1 built on Cosmos SDK using proof-of-stake, with ECH as its native token targeting DeFi and high-throughput use cases.

Kekchain is an EVM-compatible L1 with KEK as its native gas token, operating as a community-driven chain within the meme token ecosystem.

Neutron is a non-EVM Cosmos-based Layer 1 secured by Cosmos Hub's interchain security, enabling CosmWasm smart contracts with NTRN as its native token.

PulseChain is an EVM-compatible L1 that launched as a full-state fork of Ethereum, running its own validator set with PLS as the native gas token.

ZYX Network is an EVM-compatible L1 using a delegated proof-of-stake model with ZYX as its native token, targeting fast finality and low-cost contract execution.

Berachain is an EVM-compatible L1 running a Proof-of-Liquidity consensus model, where validators are rewarded based on liquidity provided to native protocol pools, using BERA for gas.

Nibiru is an EVM-compatible Cosmos SDK Layer 1 combining a spot/derivatives exchange and oracle with smart contract support, using NIBI as its native token.

Polis is an EVM-compatible Layer 1 using POLIS as its native token, targeting governance and community-driven applications on its independent network.

Taiko is an EVM-equivalent ZK-rollup settling on Ethereum, maintaining full Ethereum bytecode and tooling compatibility while using ETH as its native gas token.

ZetaChain is an EVM-compatible L1 with native omnichain messaging, allowing smart contracts to read and write state across Bitcoin, Ethereum, and other chains without wrapping assets.

Aleph Zero is a non-EVM L1 built on Substrate with a DAG-based consensus and ZK privacy primitives, using AZERO for staking and transaction fees.

Aztec is a non-EVM ZK rollup settling on Ethereum that uses the Noir language and PLONK proofs to enable programmable privacy for on-chain transactions.

Combo Network is an EVM-compatible optimistic rollup that settles on BNB Smart Chain rather than Ethereum, using BNB as its gas token and targeting gaming applications.

Fuel is a non-EVM optimistic rollup settling on Ethereum, built around the FuelVM and UTXO-based parallel transaction execution to maximize throughput beyond EVM constraints.

Hoo Smart Chain (HSC) is an EVM-compatible L1 built by the Hoo exchange, using HOO as its native gas token for transactions and governance.

Polygon zkEVM is an EVM-compatible ZK rollup settling on Ethereum, using zero-knowledge proofs for validity while keeping ETH as the gas token for compatibility.

Quai Network is an EVM-compatible L1 using a sharded, multi-chain proof-of-work architecture to scale throughput across linked zones, with QUAI as the native token.

0L Network is a non-EVM L1 blockchain using the Move VM and LIBRA as its native token, with a community-run model that removed the founding team's control over protocol governance.

Aleo is a non-EVM ZK L1 that executes programs off-chain and verifies them on-chain using zero-knowledge proofs, enabling private-by-default smart contracts with ALEO as the native token.

Fuel Network is a non-EVM Ethereum L2 using the FuelVM and a UTXO model for parallel execution, with FUEL as its native token for fees and governance.

Iron Fish is a non-EVM ZK-based L1 that applies zero-knowledge proofs to every transaction, making privacy the default rather than an opt-in feature, with IRON as the native token.

Kakarot is an EVM-compatible ZK-rollup that settles on Starknet, implementing the EVM in Cairo to bring Ethereum tooling to Starknet's ZK infrastructure using STRK for fees.

Kroma Network is an EVM-compatible optimistic rollup settling on Ethereum, incorporating ZK fault proofs to reduce the trust assumptions typical of optimistic systems, using ETH for fees.

Linera is a non-EVM L1 protocol built around microchains—user-owned chains that execute in parallel to eliminate contention and deliver low-latency transaction finality.

Namada is a non-EVM ZK Layer 1 built around asset-agnostic shielded transfers, using NAM as its native token to unify privacy across multiple chains.

Obscuro (now TEN) is an EVM-compatible optimistic rollup on Ethereum that adds TEE-based confidentiality, keeping transaction data encrypted from public view using OBX.

Silvermint is a non-EVM L1 blockchain focused on high-throughput consensus, targeting performance bottlenecks with its own purpose-built protocol architecture.

SKALE is a network of EVM-compatible sidechains that charges zero gas fees to end users, instead using sFUEL as a gas abstraction layer funded by staked SKL tokens.

Subspace (Autonomys) is an EVM-compatible L1 chain with native token AI3, built around a proof-of-archival-storage consensus model aimed at decentralized AI and data availability.

Zeeka Network (Ziesha) is a non-EVM L1 built around zero-knowledge proofs at the base layer, using ZK compression to keep the blockchain state compact and token Z as its native currency.