Chains

Arbitrum One is an Optimistic Rollup L2 scaling Ethereum with high throughput and lower fees.

Ethereum is the leading smart contract L1 powering decentralized applications and security for L2s.

EVM-compatible PoS sidechain to Ethereum; low fees; native token POL (formerly MATIC).

Avalanche C-Chain is an EVM-compatible chain focused on high throughput and near-instant finality.

BNB Smart Chain is an EVM chain offering low fees and large ecosystem liquidity for DeFi and apps.

EVM-compatible Layer-1 (Opera/Sonic); fast finality and low fees.

Optimism is an L2 Rollup which offers fast, low-fee Ethereum transactions.

Move-based L1 focused on safety and scalability; native coin APT.

High-throughput L1 using Proof of History + PoS; fast finality, low fees; non-EVM.

Base is a low-cost Ethereum L2 by Coinbase, built on the OP Stack for fast, secure transactions.

Ethereum-aligned EVM sidechain; low-cost gas paid in xDAI.

Community-maintained Terra Classic L1 (Cosmos SDK/CosmWasm); non-EVM.

OP Stack Optimistic rollup by Boba/Enya; EVM-compatible; gas paid in ETH.

ConsenSys zkEVM L2; EVM-equivalent ZK rollup settling to Ethereum; gas in ETH.

EVM-compatible parachain in the Polkadot ecosystem; Ethereum-style tooling and accounts.

Ethereum L2 on OP Stack with CELO as the native gas token; fast, low-fee, EVM-compatible.

Optimistic rollup L2 (Andromeda) with EVM and METIS gas; decentralized sequencing roadmap.

EVM-equivalent ZK rollup L2; settles to Ethereum; cheap fees and fast finality.

EVM on NEAR; fees paid in ETH; high Ethereum tooling compatibility.

EVM L2 offering native ETH/USDB yield; optimistic rollup settling to Ethereum.

Cosmos L1 with EVM/Cosmos co-chain architecture; EVM-compatible.

EVM-compatible parachain on Kusama; Moonbeam’s incentivized canary network.

EVM chain built on Cosmos SDK; optimized for DeFi/GameFi; native CRO.

High-performance L1 with parallelized EVM/CosmWasm and ~400 ms finality.

Move-based L1 with object-centric design and fast finality; native coin SUI.

“Terra 2.0” community-owned L1 (Cosmos SDK/CosmWasm); non-EVM.

Sharded PoS L1 (Telegram-originated); TVM, non-EVM.

Sharded , EVM-compatible Layer-1; staking and familiar Ethereum tooling.

Sharded L1 focused on usability and performance; native token NEAR and non-EVM account model.

EVM-compatible L1 (PoA/PoSA-style) with very low fees; native token BRISE.

Cosmos SDK L1 with EVM execution; DeFi-focused ‘Free Public Infrastructure’ vision.

Cosmos SDK L1 bringing EVM to the Interchain (IBC); EVM-compatible.

OKX’s Cosmos-based EVM L1 with IBC interoperability.

EVM-equivalent zkRollup L2 by Polygon; inherits Ethereum security; gas in ETH.

EVM-equivalent zk-rollup L2; Ethereum settlement; gas in ETH.

Astar’s canary on Kusama; multi-chain dApp hub supporting EVM & WASM.

ZK-STARK-based L2 using Cairo VM; non-EVM; fees paid in STRK; settles to Ethereum.

Polkadot parachain offering hybrid EVM + WASM smart contracts.

EVM execution layer within Hyperliquid L1 (HyperBFT); high-performance with HYPE as native gas.

Modular optimistic rollup using EigenDA; EVM-compatible; gas paid in MNT; migrating toward ZK proofs.

Relay-chain L1 enabling interoperable parachains; native token DOT for governance, staking, and fees.

EVM-compatible zkEVM for Dogecoin; brings smart contracts to DOGE and supports DOGE for gas.

DeFi-optimized Cosmos L1 with native EVM (inEVM) for Solidity dApps.

Open-source EVM L1 by Klaytn Foundation; KLAY used for gas (now transitioning branding to Kaia).

EVM-compatible sidechain for Bitcoin Cash; gas paid in BCH.

DPoS L1 with EVM-compatible TVM; high throughput and low fees.

Flagship Cosmos L1 for ATOM and IBC routing; non-EVM.

Original Ethereum chain post-DAO split; EVM-compatible smart-contract L1.

TVM-based sharded L1 (ex-Free TON); non-EVM (own VM).

Manta Network’s Ethereum L2 using Polygon zkEVM/CDK with Celestia DA; EVM-equivalent, gas in ETH.

Permanent data-storage L1 (“permaweb”); pay-once store-forever model; non-EVM.

Research-first PoS L1 (UTXO model); non-EVM (Plutus/Haskell).

L1 using hybrid PoW+PoS (Tree-Graph/GHAST); EVM compatibility via eSpace.

EVM L1 focused on payments and consumer apps; low-cost, business-friendly infrastructure.

Community-run EVM L1 launched by KuCoin/KCS community; fast and inexpensive transactions.

Polkadot’s canary network; Substrate-based L1 for rapid iteration with KSM.

Cardano’s EVM-based sidechain (C1); bridge ADA↔mADA; fees paid in mADA.

Cosmos-SDK L1 with privacy via TEEs (Secret Contracts); non-EVM.

Antelope-based L1 with a high-performance EVM and fixed gas; fast finality and low fees.

Pure Proof-of-Stake L1 (fast finality, low fees) designed by Silvio Micali; non-EVM.

Elastos ecosystem L1 with EVM-compatible Smart Chain (ESC) for dApps; native ELA.

EVM-compatible L1 focused on DePIN/IoT data and real-world devices.

Sovereign Cosmos L1 for sustainable fintech; CosmWasm smart contracts.

EVM-compatible L1 for decentralized video/AI infrastructure; THETA for staking/governance, TFUEL for gas.

Fast EVM/eBPF-hybrid L1 using DPoS; low fees; VLX gas.

TRON-incubated EVM chain marketed as L2; PoS validators checkpoint to TRON/BNB/Ethereum; gas paid in BTT.

Rebranded to MultiversX; sharded PoS L1 with WASM/SpaceVM; non-EVM.

Interoperable EVM L1 (KaiChain/KardiaChain); KAI as the native coin.

App-specific zkRollup for trading & payments; non-EVM general compute; Ethereum settlement.

EVM-compatible chain positioned as a high-performance sidechain with dual-token design (MTR/MTRG).

All-dimensional sharded L1; EVM-compatible (Solidity/Web3 supported); native token MTV.

Shiba Inu ecosystem L2 on Ethereum; EVM-compatible with low fees; gas paid in BONE.

Self-amending PoS L1 with on-chain governance and Michelson smart contracts; non-EVM.

Cosmos-SDK L1 cross-chain liquidity protocol; native asset swaps; non-EVM.

Layer-1 with modular architecture; EVM-compatible and interoperable with Cosmos.

Filecoin L1 smart-contract runtime (FVM/FEVM) with full EVM tooling support.

Data-centric EVM L1 with enshrined oracle protocols (FTSO, State Connector); staking and fast finality.

Consumer-app focused L1 by Dapper; Cadence smart contracts plus full EVM-equivalent support; low fees and high throughput.

OP Stack Optimistic rollup in the Superchain; EVM-compatible, gas in ETH.

High-performance EVM-compatible L1 using parallelized execution; testnet live, token MON announced.

Privacy-focused L1 using ring signatures/stealth addresses; non-EVM.

EVM implemented as Solana programs; deploy Solidity dApps on Solana; gas in NEON.

EVM-compatible ParaTime on Oasis; executes smart contracts with gas paid in ROSE.

AI-focused Cosmos SDK L1 with CosmWasm and full EVM compatibility.

EVM-compatible L1 using dynamic state sharding; low fees and linearly scalable.

Cosmos-SDK based, EVM-compatible L1 focused on LSDfi and DiPoS.

Privacy-focused L1 combining UTXO + EVM (Prism++) with zk features; EVM chain fully compatible.

EVM sidechain forged for gaming by Sky Mavis; optimized for fast, low-fee NFT/game txs; independent validators; bridges to Ethereum.

Modular Bitcoin-merged-mined L1 with NEVM (EVM) execution and rollup-oriented design.

EVM-compatible public L1 with native Thunder Token (TT).

EVM-compatible PoS L1 focused on decentralized cross-chain bridges and interoperability.

L1 for digital assets and dApps with Ride smart contracts; mature tooling; non-EVM.

Privacy L1 with zk-SNARKs and optional shielded transactions; non-EVM.

Cosmos SDK sovereign L1 focused on CosmWasm smart contracts; IBC-enabled.

PoW blockDAG Layer-1 (GHOSTDAG/kHeavyHash); fast blocks, simple UTXO model; non-EVM.

OP Stack-based optimistic rollup L2 settling to BSC; EVM-compatible; gas paid in BNB.

PoW blockchain using the Move language; launched in 2020.

App-specific validity-rollup engine using STARK proofs; powers dYdX/Immutable/Sorare; non-EVM.

Relational L1 using the Rell language; EVM-adjacent via bridges but not EVM-native.

Cosmos-SDK/Tendermint-based L1 with Ethermint EVM; interoperable with Ethereum & Cosmos.

EVM smart-contract L1 focused on DeFi; KEK is the native gas token.

CosmWasm smart-contract L1 secured by Cosmos Hub Interchain Security (ICS); no EVM.

Ethereum-compatible L1 fork with PLS as gas; fast blocks, EVM RPCs available.

EVM-like public L1 (PoA/PoV) with smart contracts; native ZYX coin.

EVM-identical PoL Layer-1; native BERA gas token with BGT governance and HONEY stablecoin.

Multi-VM Cosmos L1 with native EVM and CosmWasm; DeFi-oriented.

Community-run EVM L1 focused on payments/DeFi; POSDAO-style consensus per project repos.

Type-1 (Ethereum-equivalent) zkEVM rollup; EVM-equivalent with ETH gas; decentralized prover/validator roadmap.

Universal L1 for omnichain apps (ZetaEVM); routes assets/calls across many chains incl. Bitcoin.

Substrate-based L1 using AlephBFT; privacy stack (ZK + MPC). EVM supported via a separate L2, not on the L1.

Privacy-first hybrid zk-rollup L2; not EVM-compatible (Noir/alt-VM); fees abstracted via “fee-juice”; settles to Ethereum.

Game-focused L2 optimistic rollup in the BNB Chain ecosystem; EVM-compatible; uses BNB as gas.

High-performance L2 powered by FuelVM (non-EVM); optimistic rollup design; base asset is Ether.

EVM-compatible public chain by Hoo Group; PoSA-style consensus; native HOO.

Hermez 2.0 → Polygon zkEVM: Type-2/Type-3 zkEVM rollup; EVM-equivalent; gas in ETH; Ethereum settlement.

PoW-secured multi-chain L1 with EVM compatibility and a dual-token model (QUAI/Qi); mainnet live.

Community-governed L1 fork of Diem/Libra using Move; aims for open, permissionless operation.

ZK-native L1 for private apps (Leo language); non-EVM.

Modular Ethereum L2/execution layer using FuelVM & Sway; UTXO-based parallel execution for high throughput.

Privacy-focused L1 using zk-proofs; PoW; non-EVM.

Enshrined zkEVM runtime on Starknet enabling Solidity/EVM apps on Starknet; settles to Ethereum via Starknet.

OP Stack-based L2 currently operating as an Optimistic rollup (with ZK fault proofs); settles to Ethereum; gas in ETH.

Real-time L1 with per-user microchains and elastic validators; Rust SDK.

Shielded, IBC-connected L1 using ZK for asset-agnostic privacy; non-EVM.

TEE-powered confidential rollup (rebranded as TEN); EVM-compatible; privacy for smart contracts; settles to Ethereum.

Leaderless PoS L1 with the Symmetry VM; high-throughput design using the Casanova DAG-based consensus family.

EVM appchain network (pooled security anchored to Ethereum). Gas paid with valueless sFUEL; user-facing txs are effectively gasless.

Autonomys Network implementing Subspace (storage-based consensus) with modular execution “domains,” incl. Auto EVM.

Lightweight L1 (aka Ziesha) that uses zero-knowledge proofs for transaction compression; non-EVM.